RESUMO Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes usos do solo no entorno de nascentes sobre alguns parâmetros de qualidade das águas de oito nascentes localizadas no Assentamento Paraíso, Alegre, Espírito Santo. As nascentes avaliadas consistiram em uma em meio à floresta remanescente de Mata Atlântica; seis cercadas e em diferentes estágios de recomposição florestal; e uma sem cerca e com acesso livre dos animais de criação. Três amostras de água foram coletadas em cada nascente entre 2011 e 2012, sendo analisados 17 parâmetros. Os valores determinados foram comparados com os padrões normativos para qualidade da água e correlacionados linearmente por meio do coeficiente de correlação. As águas das nascentes se mostraram aptas para o consumo, desde que previamente tratadas, e, quanto maior foram os trabalhos de proteção às nascentes, melhores foram os valores de qualidade de água.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of land use in the surrounding of the springs on some of the parameters of water quality in eight springs located in the Paraíso settlement in the city of Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil. The springs evaluated were: one in the Atlantic forest remnant; six fenced ones and in different stages of forest recovery; and one without a fence and with free livestock access. Three samples of water were collected in each spring in 2011 and 2012, and 17 parameters were analyzed. The determined values were compared to the normative standards for water quality and linearly correlated through the correlation coefficient. Water from the springs showed to be consumable, if previously treated, and the more protected the springs, the better the water quality values.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate water quality attributes in micro-watersheds under different soil uses. Therefore, four micro-watersheds under the following vegetation cover were selected: pasture, primary forest reforestation, forest, and coffee plantation. Surface and underground water sampling was performed bimonthly between February and December 2014, where thermotolerant coliforms, dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, phosphorus, turbidity, temperature, pH, biochemical demand for oxygen and total solids were analyzed. Descriptive analyses of each variable were performed during dry and rainy periods, and the values were compared with the normative standards established by Brazilian legislation. Water Quality Indices (WQIs) were also calculated for each collection site. All sites presented some type of nonconformity with human consumption standards. The highest WQI values were found in the forest area micro-basin, followed by the coffee plantation and pasture area micro-basins, highlighting the importance of forested areas for water quality.

RESUMO Considerando que o modo de ocupação das áreas agrícolas apresenta grande influência no risco de ocorrência de incêndios florestais, o objetivo deste estudo foi fotointerpretar o uso e ocupação da terra no entorno do Parque Nacional do Caparaó (PARNA-Caparaó), face capixaba, e analisar a ocorrência de focos de calor na área. Foi fotointerpretada no total uma área de 654,95 km2, dos quais 7,88 km2 cobertos por eucalipto, 89,10 km2, por fragmentos florestais, 314,60 km2, por pastagens, 13,03 km2, por reflorestamento de espécies nativas, 180,60 km2, por café e 49,74 km2, por outros usos. Há uma área relevante ocupada por reflorestamento em todos os municípios avaliados da zona de amortecimento do PARNA-Caparaó, quando comparada a outros estudos. Os focos de calor, em sua maioria, aconteceram em beiras de estradas, pastagens, capoeiras e próximo a fragmentos florestais.

ABSTRACT As the occupation of agricultural areas is extremely important in assessing the fire risk, the objective of this study was to photo-interpret the land use and occupation of the surroundings of Caparaó National Park (PARNA-Caparaó), on its area facing Espirito Santo state, and analyze forest fire occurrence in the region. Photo-interpretation was conducted on a total area of 654.95 km2 comprising 7.88 km2 of eucalyptus, 89.10 km2 of forest fragment, 314.60 km2 of grassland, 13.03 km2 of reforestation of native species, 180.60 km2 of coffee, and 49.74 km2 of other uses. There is a relevant area occupied by reforestation in all the municipalities evaluated in the buffer zone of PARNA-Caparaó National Park compared with that of other studies. Forest fires have occurred mostly on roadsides, pastures, shrubbery areas, and around forest fragments.

RESUMOObjetivou-se analisar o conflito de uso e cobertura das terras em Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) do Ifes – Campus de Alegre, à luz do atual Código Florestal Brasileiro. Foram delimitadas e investigadas as APP de nascentes, cursos d’água, declividades e topos de morro. As APP de declividades e de topos de morro foram obtidas a partir do modelo digital de elevação global GEDM-ASTER. O uso e a cobertura da terra foram alcançados por fotointerpretação sobre imagem orbital do sensor Geoeye 1 (resolução espacial de 0,50 m), totalizando 36 classes temáticas. Os resultados revelam que as APP totalizam 34,33% da área do Ifes – Campus de Alegre, ocupando 114,32 ha de extensão. As APP de topos de morro e dos cursos d’água são as que ocupam maior área, correspondendo a 16,94% e 14,03%, respectivamente. As APP de cursos d’água são as mais atingidas e as principais classes responsáveis por conflitos são as pastagens naturais (20,41 ha) e as estradas não pavimentadas (1,18 ha).

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to analyze the conflict of land use and land cover in Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA) of the ‘Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo’ - Ifes, Alegre Campus, in light of the current Brazilian Forest Code. The springs, watercourses, slopes and hill tops of the PPA were defined and investigated. The slopes and hill tops were obtained by the global digital elevation model GEDM-ASTER. Land use and land cover were achieved by photo-interpretation of orbital image sensor Geoeye 1 (spatial resolution of 0.50 m), totaling 36 thematic classes. The results showed that the PPAs occupy 34.33% of the total Ifes area, with an extension of 114.32 ha. The hilltops and watercourses occupy the largest areas, corresponding to 16.94% and 14.03%, respectively. The watercourses are the most affected areas, and the main classes responsible for conflicts are natural pastures (20.41 ha) and non-paved roads (1.18 ha).